A new study by the Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium, has revealed that "junk" DNA is responsible for activating our genomic evolution. This unknown side of DNA actually helps organisms adapt quickly to environmental changes by tuning gene activity, which is an essential survival tool in our evolution.http://www.800dnaexam.com
Junk DNA is called such because of its supposed lack of function. Certain portions of the DNA sequence of a chromosome or genome have been thought to be provisionally insignificant because their unidentified function. For years, scientists have suspected that the majority of DNA outside of genes, or "non-coding DNA", is ineffectual and just can not be removed from our genome.
Tandem repeats, which are short stretches of DNA that are repeated head-to-tail, are a good example of what is commonly referred to as junk DNA. Marcelo Vinces, the study's co-author said, "At first sight, it may seem unlikely that this stutter-DNA has any biological function. On the other hand, it seems hard to believe that nature would foster such a wasteful system."http://www.800dnaexam.com/paternity_test.aspx
The research team that conducted the study found that stretches of tandem repeats influence the activity of adjacent genes. Gene activity is dictated by nucleosomes, which are proteins around which DNA wraps and forms a packaging structure. Tandem repeats are responsible for how tightly the local DNA wraps around the nucleosomes. When DNA is copied, the number of repeats changes frequently, which affects the local DNA packaging, and ultimately alters gene activity. In an effort to mimic biological evolution, the team used yeast cells to further test their theory. The results indicate that when a tandem repeat is close to a specific gene, yeast mutants can be produced which have a hugely increased activity of the gene. On the contrary, when the tandem repeat region was removed, this fast evolution was not possible.http://www.800dnaexam.com/special_dna_test.aspx
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